Pile fabric



15 back of the fa ric.

. v ganic derivative f in the ile, I can make panne velvet or other crushe pile fabric, wherein the pile remains Patented June 6, 1933 PATENT OFFICE UNITED? STATES .cnunm nnmus, or imwxoax, n.

mm: name No Drawing.

This invention relates to pile fabrics and;

more permanent effects in pile fabrics con-" taining arns of cellulose acetate or other organic erivatives of cellulose. Another object of m invention is prepare panne velvet or other abric having a crushed pile, wherein. the tendency of the pile torise is reduced. A'further object'of my invention is .to prepare a pile fabric of relatively cheap construction havin the pile firmly held in the Other ob'ects of this invention will appear from the ollowing detaileddescri tion.

Pile fabrics as ordinarily made present some disadvantages which render the same. 0 more or less undeslrable for some purposes.

Thus in. the case of anne velvet or other fabric having a pile w ich is laid or flattened down as to be more or less parallel to the face of the'fabric, often the pile tends to rise after use so that uneven lustreeifects arev produced. Moreover when the ile yarn is made of cellulose acetate or ot er smoothsur'facefibres the ile tends to slip out from the' 'face of the fa ric unless it is anchored at more than one point.

of the thermoplastic or lastic nature of such yarns. Thus by emp oying a solvent or softening agent and/or heat and pressure in the treatment of -pile fabric containing orcellulose yarn preferably relatively permanently in the flattened position, and I can also cause the pile yarn of a relatively cheap. construction, wherein the 5 individual ile 1s anchored at only one point in the fabnc, to be held fast in such fabric. In accordance with m invention I ro- .duce more permanent e ects in pile fa ric containing yarns of cellulose acetate or other yarns of organic derivatives of ,Applioatlon am July 16, mo. Serial Ito. e461.

ing at least part of the yarn by plastic of thermoplastic action and thenpermitting the same to set.

While this invention will be described in connection with fabric containing yarns of cellulose acetate and particularly an acetone soluble cellulose acetate, it is equally ap plicable tofabrics containing yarns of other organic derivatives of cellulose such as cellulose esters and cellulose ethers, Examples of such cellulose esters are cellulose formate, cellulose propionate or cellulose butyrate, while examples of cellulose ethers are ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose or benzyl cellulose. The pile yarns preferaby are made of cellulose acetate. The fabric may consist,

wholly of yarns of cellulose acetate but the back thereof may contain yarns of other fibres such as natural silk, cotton or reconstituted cellulose, while the pile may consist solely of cellulose acetateyarn, or of a mixture of cellulose acetate yarn and yarn of such other fibers. 7

As agencies for softening the cellulose acetates yarn, softening orswelling agents may beemployed, the expedients of heat and pressure, 'or both softening or swelling agents and heat and pressure.

The fabric to be treated may be sprayed with, dipped in, or otherwise im regnated with a llquid Whichacts as a-so tenmg or swelling agent for thecellulose acetate material. Examples vof such softening or swelling agents are solutions of solvents for ,the cellulose actate in diluents. Thus the solvents such as acetone, diacetone alcohol, cyclohexanone, acetic acid or ethyl lactate maybe diluted with non-solvents such as water or benzol in such proportions that the resulting mixture has a softening or restricted solvent action on the cellulose acetate. A specific example of such material is an aqueous solutionjof acetone containing from 10 to of acetone. 7

For the purpose of softening a cellulose acetate yarn, non-volatile softening agents such as triacetin, monomethyl xylene sulfonamid, triphenyl phosphate and the like may be dissolved in suitable solvents such as benzol or even water and the resulting solution employed for treating the fabric. Swelling agents, such as .eth 1 alcohol or methyl alco 01 may also be use for this purpose. The softening or swelling agents ma also contain lubricants such as oleicaci olive oil and the like.

Preferably but not necessarily after. the application of the softening or swelling agent to the pile fabric, the same is treated under heat and pressure, such as by means of heated calender rolls or other heated ressing devices, whereby the yarn of celulose acetate is further softened and. deformed. Upon the removal of the heat and pressure, and if necessary subsequent removal of the softening or swelling agents, permanent effects are imparted to the .pile fabric. In some cases heat and pressure, without the use of a softening or swelling agent-may be emplo ed in this invention.

One ap lication 0 this invention is in the making 0 .panne velvet or other pile fabric wherein the pile is laid or flattened down, that is the pile yarn occupies a position which is not at right angles to the plane of the face of the fabric. In this case the pile fabric is treated with the softening or swelling agent and then pressed between hot calendervrolls, or the fabric may be subjected to the action of the hot calender rolls without previous treatment with the softening or swellin agent. In either case, the temperature 0 the calender rolls will be such that the yarn of cellulose acetate will be softened. Under the conditions of treatment, the softened yarns are pressed down under pressure and since they are in a plastic condition, upon removal from the calender rolls they set permanently. The pile of'the fabric so treated does not tend to rise on subsequent use.

In another application of this invention instead of flattening the whole surface 0 the pile b smooth calender rolls, the surface may be crushed only locally by means of engraved or embossed rollers" or other devices having suitable designs, to form ance of broad-tail or other crushed velvets or plush havinguthe ap arrs an the like- Because of the nature of treatment, the effect is substantially rmanent. Such material is useful for ma a drapery or upholstery fabric.

Another application of this invention is in fixing more rmanently the pile yarn in a fabric of r atively cheap construction. Yarn of cellulose acetate is relatively smooth and therefore in order .to anchor such yarn when used as a pile, it is neces sary that the loops thereo be held in at least two places by the yarn of the back of the fabric. By the present invention, a pile fabric having the pile held in only one place by the yarn of the back, that is wherem the pile yarn has a more or less V shape g coats and'as' may be treated, and by the plastic or therspirit of my invention.

Havin described my invention, what I claim an desire to secure by Letters Patent 1s:

1. Method ofv anchoring pile yarn more permanently in a ile fabric comprising applying to a pile fa ric containing pile yarns of organic derivatives of cellulose, a substance that has at least a softening or restricted solvent action on the organic derivative of cellulose and then permitting the organic derivative of celluloseto harden.

2. Method of anchorin pile yarn more permanently in. a pile abric comprising applying to a pile fabric containing pile arns of cellulose acetate a substance that as at least a softening or restricted solvent action on the cellulose acetate and then permittin the cellulose acetate to harden.

3. ltfethod of anchoring pile yarn more permanently in a ile fabric comprising applyin to a pile fa ric containing pile yarns of co lulose acetate an aqueous solution of acetone and then permitting the cellulose acetate to harden.

4. Method of improving the qualities of pile fabrics havin pile yarns of organic derivatives of cellu ose which comprises ap-' plying thereto a substance having a softenmg or restricted solvent action'on the ormade therein without departing from the ganic derivatives of cellulose, bending the ile yarns and then permitting the same to arden, whereby the pile becomes substantially permanently anchored in a deflected position.

5. Method of improving the qualities of pile fabrics having acetate which comprises applying thereto a substance having a softening or restricted solvent action on the cellulose acetate, bendi the pile arns and then permitting-the s dfiieto harden, whereby the pile becomes substantially permanently anchored in a deflected position. 1 v

6. Method of improving the qualities of ile fabrics havin pile yarns of organic erivatives of cellu ose whlch comprises applying thereto a substance having a softenmg or restricted solvent action on the organic derivatives of cellulose, bending the pile-yarns by applying pressure thereto and then permitting the same to harden, where- 'by the pile becomes substantially permanentlyianchored in a deflected position.

. 7. ethod of improving the qualities of pile fabrics having pile yarns of cellulose acetate whichcompr1ses applying thereto a substance havmg a softening or restricted ile yarns of cellulosesolvent action on the cellulose acetate, bend- I ing the pile yarns by applying pressure thereto and then permitting the same to harden, whereby the pile becomes substantially permanently anchored in a deflected position.

8. Method of improving the qualities of pile fabrics having pile yarns of cellulose acetate which comprises applying thereto a 1 substance having a softening or restricted sol-vent action on the cellulose acetate, bending the ile yarn by applying pressure thereto at e evated temperatures and then permitting the same to harden, whereby the pile becomes substantiall permanently any. chored m a deflected posltlon.

9. Method of improving the qualities of pile fabrics having pileyarns of cellulose acetate which comprises applying thereto an aqueous solution of acetone, bending the pile yarns by applying pressure thereto at elevated temperatures and then ermitting the same to harden, whereby the plle becomes substantially permanently anchored in a de- '2 flected position.

10. Pile fabric comprising pile yarns of organic derivatives of cellulose, the pile being adherent to the base fabric.

v 11. Pile fabric comprising pile yarns of 30 cellulose acetate, the pile being adherent to the base fabric.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto I subscribed my name.

CAMILLE DREYFUS. 

